Warfare and armed conflicts: a statistical encyclopedia of casualty and other figures, 1492-2015.8/23/2023 ![]() Ownership was in the hands of a few individuals, usually landlords or merchant-capitalists ( Heller, 2011, Mendels, 1972, Overton, 1996). In the pre-capitalism era the business in England was driven by farms, husbandry and “cottage industry”. ![]() As a consequence, the economic dynamics induced by an epidemic that occurred, say, in the 18th century cannot be compared to those implied by an epidemic in the 20th century.īy relying on the historical evolution of socio-economic characteristics, one can identify the following three eras: (i) pre-capitalism (1500-1749), (ii) industrial-capitalism (1750-1899) and (iii) financial-capitalism (1900-2020). However, it should be noticed that the socio-economic characteristic of major economies exhibited significant differences over the last centuries, and in particular over the latest one. (2020) examine the literature on the health and economic effects of the 1918 pandemic flu in order to gain useful lessons for estimating the macroeconomic impact of COVID-19. They suggest that NPIs represent a key instrument to reduce the risk of contagion as well as the adverse economic effects of COVID-19. (2020) investigate the effects of implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) in US cities during the 1918 Spanish flu. They point out that a “rule of three” can be applied to estimate the potential output loss induced by COVID-19. ![]() (2020) rely instead on the 1918 Spanish flu. (2020) focus on the macro effects of epidemics that occurred in past centuries in a group of European countries and conclude that COVID-19 will generate a significant drop in the real natural interest rate over the next decades. A predominant approach relies on past epidemics/pandemics (hereinafter epidemics) to estimate the potential effects of the novel coronavirus on macroeconomic dynamics (see, among others, Barro, Ursua, Weng, 2020, Beach, Clay, Saavedra, 2020, Correia, Luck, Verner, 2020, Jordà, Singh, Taylor, 2020). The study of the potential macroeconomic effects of COVID-19 has attracted a lot of attention. A direct consequence of these policies has been an unprecedented global macroeconomic recession. The rapid and growing spread of COVID-19 around the world made it necessary for governments to implement policies (e.g., school closures, workplace closures and travel bans) to slow down the onset of new cases.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |